Numerical Simulation of Projectile Penetration into Laminated Transparent Armour

The paper shows that the main reasons behind a laminated glass panel failing while penetrated by a high-velocity projectile are the high stresses in the region affected by the projectile and tensile stresses at the interface that are caused by the glass layers bending. For all the glass layers but the frontal one, intense fracturing does not start at the interface with the previous layer but at the interface with the subsequent layer, in the region of the tensile stresses generated by the current layer bending. The fracturing propagates towards the impact. A low-strength adhesive layer between glass layers inhibits and even stops the fracture-inducing wave propagating from the previous layer into the subsequent one. Analysis of the projectile deceleration plots in laminated glass panels of the same total thickness showed that the projectile undergoes more dramatic deceleration in a single-layer barrier and in barriers consisting of fewer layers

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