Physical and Chemical Properties of Petroleum Motor Fuels with Vegetable Oil Additives and their Effect on Diesel Performance

The paper considers types of biofuel for internal combustion engines. It lists physical and chemical properties of vegetable oils and blends of vegetable oil and petroleum diesel fuel, as well as the prospects of using them in diesel engines. We performed a comparative analysis of vegetable oil viscosities and viscosities of vegetable oil blends with petroleum diesel fuel. The study shows that vegetable oil viscosity is considerably different from that of petroleum diesel fuel. We derived approximate fittings for blend viscosities as functions of fuel composition. We present results of experimental investigations dealing with the D-245.12S diesel engine running on petroleum diesel fuel and blends with vegetable oil additives. We studied rapeseed and sunflower oil additives to petroleum diesel fuel. We demonstrate that it is possible to improve environmental performance of a diesel using the biofuel blends listed. The most important toxic components in diesel exhaust gases are nitrogen oxide and soot. We provide data on how the content of these components depends on the number of oxygen atoms in the molecules of the biofuel blends under consideration

References

[1] Lotko V., Lukanin V.N., Khachiyan A.S. Primenenie alternativnykh topliv v dvigatelyakh vnutrennego sgoraniya [Using alternative fuels in internal combustion engines]. Moscow, MADI (TU) Publ., 2000. 311 p.

[2] Markov V.A., Devyanin S.N., Zykov S.A., Gaydar S.M. Biotopliva dlya dvigateley vnutrennego sgoraniya [Biofuels for internal combustion engines]. Moscow, NITs "Inzhener" Publ., 2016. 292 p.

[3] Markov V.A., Devyanin S.N., Semenov V.G., Shakhov A.V., Bagrov V.V. Ispolzovanie rastitelnykh masel i topliv na ikh osnove v dizelnykh dvigatelyakh [Using vegetable fat and fuel based on it in diesel engines]. Moscow, NITs "Inzhener" Publ., 2011. 536 p.

[4] Knothe G., Krahl J., Gerpen J., eds. The biodiesel handbook. AOCS Press, 2005. 286 p.

[5] Bozbas K. Biodiesel as an alternative motor fuel: production and policies in the European Union. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2008, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 542–552. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2005.06.001 Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032105000614

[6] Myo T. The effect of fatty acid composition on the combustion characteristics of biodiesel. Japan, Kagoshima University, 2008. 171 p.

[7] Barnwal B.K., Sharma M.P. Prospects of biodiesel production from vegetable oils in India. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2005, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 363–378. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2004.05.007 Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S136403210400067X

[8] Hamasaki K., Tajima H., Takasaki K., Satohira K., Enomoto M., Egawa H. Utilization of waste vegetable oil methyl ester for diesel fuel. SAE Technical Paper Series, 2001, no. 2001-01-2021. DOI: 10.4271/2001-01-2021

[9] Morimune T., Yamaguchi H., Konishi K. Exhaust emissions and performance of diesel engine operating on waste food-oil. Transactions of the JSME. Ser. B., 2000, vol. 66, no. 641, pp. 294–299. DOI: 10.1299/kikaib.66.294 Available at: https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/kikaib1979/66/641/66_641_294/_article/-char/en

[10] Supple B., Howard-Hildige R., Gonzales-Gomez E., Leahy J.J. The effect of steam treating waste cooking oil of the yield of methyl ester. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society, 2002, vol. 79, no. 2, pp. 175–178. DOI: 10.1007/s11746-002-0454-1

[11] Kartashevich A.N., Plotnikov S.A., Tovstyka V.S. Primenenie topliv na osnove rapsovogo masla v traktornykh dizelyakh [Used fuel based on rape oil in tractor diesel motors]. Kirov, Avangard Publ., 2014. 144 p.

[12] Ivankin A.N., Boldyrev V.S., Zhilin Yu.N., Oliferenko G.L., Baburina M.I., Kulikovskiy A.V. Macrokinetic transformation of natural lipids for motor fuels production. Vestn. Mosk. Gos. Tekh. Univ. im. N.E. Baumana, Estestv. Nauki [Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Tech. Univ., Nat. Sci.], 2017. no. 5, pp. 65–80 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.18698/1812-3368-2017-5-95-108

[13] Payri F., Macian V., Arregle J., Tormos B., Martinez J.L. Heavy-duty diesel engine performance and emission measurements for biodiesel (from cooking oil) blends used in the ECOBUS project. SAE Technical Paper Series, 2005, no. 2005-01-2205. DOI: 10.4271/2005-01-2205

[14] Sendari A., Fragioudakis K., Kalligeros S., Stournas S., Lois E. Impact of using biodiesels of different origin and additives on the performance of a stationary diesel engine. Transactions of the ASME. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2000, vol. 122, no. 4, pp. 624–631. DOI: 10.1115/1.1289385

[15] Ukhanov A.P., Ukhanov D.A., Khokhlova E.A. Tractor diesel customization for mixed fuel burning. Traktory i selkhozmashiny, 2013, no. 10, pp. 14–16 (in Russ.).

[16] Eyring H. Viscosity, plasticity and diffusion as examples of absolute reaction rates. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 1936, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 283–291. DOI: 10.1063/1.1749836

[17] McAllister R.A. The viscosity of liquid mixtures. AIChE Journal, 1960, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 427–431. DOI: 10.1002/aic.690060316

[18] Dominguez M., Pardo J.I., Gascon I., Royo F.M., Urieta J.S. Viscosities of the ternary mixture (2-butanol+n-hexane + 1-butylamine) at 298.15 and 313.15 K. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2000, vol. 169, no. 2, pp. 277–292. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-3812(00)00332-0 Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378381200003320

[19] Vasilyev I.P. Vliyanie topliv rastitelnogo proiskhozhdeniya na ekologicheskie i ekono-micheskie pokazateli dizelya [Impact of plant fuels on ecological and economical parameters of diesel]. Lugansk, Izdat. VNU im. V. Dalya Publ., 2009. 240 p.

[20] Markov V.A., Bashirov R.M., Gabitov I.I. Toksichnost otrabotavshikh gazov dizeley [Toxicity of diesel burnt gas]. Moscow, Bauman MSTU Publ., 2002. 376 p.

[21] Curran H.J., Fisher E.M., Glaude P.-A., Marinov N.M., Pitz W.J., Westbrook C.K., Layton D.W., Flynn P.F., Durrett R.P., zur Loye A.O., Akinyemi O.C., Dryer F.L. Detailed chemical kinetic modeling of diesel combustion with oxygenated fuels. SAE Technical Paper Series, 2001, no. 2001-01-0653. DOI: 10.4271/2001-01-0653

[22] Miyamoto N., Ogawa H., Nurun N.M., Obata K., Arima T. Smokeless, low NOx, high thermal efficiency and low noise diesel combustion with oxygenated agents as main fuel. SAE Technical Paper Series, 1998, no. 980506. DOI: 10.4271/980506