Problems of Searching for Rational Parameters of Active Component Parameters in a Car’s Passive Safety System

Abstract

Improving the passive safety of passenger cars to reduce driver and passenger injuries is a critically important task. Active components of passive safety systems, such as airbags and seat belts, are key to reducing the probability of fatal outcomes and severe injuries in traffic accidents. This article aimed to determine the optimal configuration and operational parameters for the driver's passive safety system components, using a 40 % overlap oblique frontal impact according to UN Regulation No. 94 as a case study. To solve this task, a metamodel based on an artificial neural network was developed to predict injury criteria based on the design parameters of the safety components. A multi-objective optimization method, a genetic algorithm, was then applied to find the optimal solution. The simulation results demonstrated a 2.2-fold increase in the overall safety score, with improvements in individual injury criteria reaching up to 80 %. The primary progress was achieved by reducing the neck bending moment and chest deflection. This was made possible by optimizing the volume, gas inflow, and gas outflow parameters of the steering wheel airbag. The optimized parameters of the knee airbag contributed to a reduction in lower limb injuries. A sensitivity analysis conducted using Spearman's correlation method provided a quantitative assessment of the influence of each design variable on the injury criteria. It was established that the volume and gas outflow of the steering wheel airbag, along with the position and gas inflow of the knee airbag, had the most significant impact

Please cite this article in English as:

Goncharov R.B., Zuzov V.N., Kositsyn B.B., et al. Problems of searching for rational parameters of active component parameters in a car's passive safety system. Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Series Mechanical Engineering, 2026, no. 3 (158), pp. 54--80 (in Russ.). EDN: ILKVZS

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